UT̪UMBUIZO WA KUMWAWIA LIYONGO / THE SHINING OF THE MOON ON LIYONGO – CRITICAL EDITION
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Sources:
Ha = Harries (1962: 181) ‘The Lament’ (identical version/translation to Hichens)
Hi = Hichens (ms 205000, p. 15 SOAS, typed) untitled
Kn = Knappert (1979: 70) ‘The Song of the Leopard’
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1. Ai mwezi kuwawato ♦ kuwawia makutani
2. Kuwawia shaha Shanga ♦ shaha Ozi yu gizani
3.T̪’ui ho ho t̪’ui kimango1
1 Kn: Manga
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UT̪UMBUIZO WA KUMWAWIA LIYONGO / THE SHINING OF THE MOON ON LIYONGO
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1. Ai mwezi kuwawato[1] ♦ kuwawia makutani | 1. O moon! shine brightly, gleam on the high walls, |
2. Kuwawia shaha Shanga ♦ shaha Ozi yu gizani | 2. gleam on the master bard of Shanga, the master bard of Ozi, who is in darkness. |
3. T̪’ui ho[2] ho t̪’ui kimango[3] | 3. the leopard, the mighty leopard! |
[1] kung’aa sana.
[2] huyo.
[3] mwenye nguvu.
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UT̪UMBUIZO WA KUMWONGOA MTOTO / LULLABY – AJAMI
UT̪UMBUIZO WA KUMWONGOA MTOTO / LULLABY – CRITICAL EDITION
Sources:
Ha = Harries (1962: 180) ‘Serenade 2’
HH = Institute of Asian and African Studies Hamburg (ms 3552 H 117, in Arabic script) ‘Qa shairi’
Kn = Knappert (1979: 74-75) ‘Liongo, The King of Bauri’
Nab = Nabahany (ms in Arabic script) ‘Qala Liyongo Fumo’
Tay = Taylor (ms 47754 SOAS in Arabic script) ‘Qala shairi’
1. 1 Ewe mwana nyamaa siliye ♦ kasikiya2 ♦ Fumo wa Bauri
1 = HH, Tay: 1a-b
2 HH: missing; Kn: kasikiye
2. 1Kasikiya Fumo yu2 mkenge3 ♦ mwenda4 Gana ♦ yuu la namiri⁵
1 = HH, Tay: 1c,2a
2 Nab, Tay: missing
3 Kn: kasikiye Fumo mkengiye
4 HH: mwanda
⁵ HH: [kasiliya fumo mkenge]; Ha: mudanganya; Nab: [mudagana]; Tay: [madagana]; Kn: mudanganywa nyuo la amiri
3. 1Yuasiye jina2 yuasiye ♦ ha shuwara ♦ Fumo Mringwari³
1 = HH, Tay: 2b-c
2 HH, Ha: jinni
3 Kn: kwa shuwara; HH, Tay: [M(u)rangali]; Ha, Nab: hata mwizi Fumo Mringwari
4. 1At̪a shaki² muwewa siliye ♦ ukaliza3 ♦ nami⁴ yakajiri5
1 = HH, Tay: 3a-b
2 Ha, Kn: shake
3 HH: [akaliza]
⁴ Ha: yangu
5 Kn: pulikiza yangu yalojiri
5. 1 Yakajiri maozi usaha. ♦ Mwenye gheri ♦ kapata habari
1 This line is found in HH (3c-d,4a) and Tay (3c,4a) and is probably not completely transmitted:
HH: [Waozi wa ♦ shaha mwenye gheri ♦ akapata baadhi habari]
Tay: [Maozi usaha. ♦ Mwenye gheri ♦ akapata baadhi habari]
6. 1Washorongwa wapozewe² mali ♦ akawapa ♦ mud̪a na namiri³
1 = HH, Tay: 4b-c,5a; 6a = Ha: 5a, Kn: 5a, Nab: 5a; 6b: is only found in Tay (4c,5a) and HH (4c,5a)
² HH: [kakusanya]
3 Ha, Nab: kumuzinga (Kn: kumzenga) Fumo wa Bauri
7. 1Wakawa asi kwa pamoya ♦ kumzinga ♦ Fumo wa Bauri
1 = HH, Tay: 5b-c; 7a is found in HH, Tay: 5b; 7b = Ha: 5b, Kn: 5b, Nab: 5b
8. 1Wakenenda mwaoni2, simba ♦ yushishiye ♦ msu na hanjari
1 = HH: 5d, 6a-b; Tay: 5c,6a-b; Ha: 7a-b; Kn: 7a-b; Nab: 6
2 Ha: wakenende wasowene; Kn: wasowene; Nab: [muwende]
9. 1Akat̪eza Liyongo na Wat̪wa ♦ na muwiwe2 ♦ Mbwasho kashamiri3
1 = HH, Tay: 6c-d,7a; Ha: 8a-b; Kn: 8a-b; Nab: 7
2 Ha, HH: mwiwa; Kn: muwewa; Nab: [muwe]
3 Ha: kamshamiri
10. 1Wakarud̪i asi za Muungu², ♦ kamwambiya3 ♦ Fumo Mringwari
1 = HH, Tay: 7b-c; Ha: 8a-b; Kn: 8a-b; Nab: 8
2 Ha, Kn, Nab: kwa umoya wawo
3 HH: [kumwambiya]
11. 1Hawezeki Liyongo ni moto2 ♦ si kiumbe ♦ huyule ni nari³
1 = HH, Tay 7d,8a; Ha 9a-b; Kn 9a-b; Nab 9
2 HH: [mtu]
3 Kn gives two additional lines:
yuwashiye, jini, yuwashiye ♦ mashuwara yake Muringwari
yushishiye sefu yupijiye ♦ akiruka kama ya namiri
Possibly, the lines are taken from other poems. The first one seems to be the repetition of line 3 above.
12. 1Hawezeki Liyongo ni jini ♦ awezao ♦ nyani kumughuri?
1 Missing in Ha, Kn, Nab; = HH: 8b-c, Tay: 8a
Overview
New | Ha | HH | Kn | Nab | Tay |
1 | 1a,b | 1a,b | 1a,b | 1 | 1a,b |
2 | 2a,b | 1c,2a | 2a,b | 2 | 1c,2a |
3 | 3a,b | 2b,c | 3a,b | 3 | 2b,c |
4 | 4a,b | 3a,b | 4a,b | 4 | 3a,b |
5 | – | 3c,d,4a | – | – | 3c,4a |
6 | 5a | 4b,c,5a | 5a | 5 | 4b,c,5a |
7 | 5b | 5b,c | 5b | 5 | 5b,c |
8 | 7a,b | 5d,6a,b | 7a,b | 6 | 5c,6a,b |
9 | 6a,b | 6c,d,7a | 6a,b | 7 | 6c,d,7a |
10 | 8a,b | 7b,c | 8a,b | 8 | 7b,c |
11 | 9a,b | 7d,8a | 9a,b | 9 | 7d,8a |
12 | – | 8b,c | – | – | 8a |
(6a,7b) | 5 | – | 5 | 5 | – |
UT̪UMBUIZO WA KUMWONGOA MTOTO / LULLABY
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1. Ewe mwana nyamaa siliye ♦ kasikiya ♦ Fumo wa Bauri |
1. O, my baby, calm down, do not cry, lest Fumo [Liyongo] wa Bauri hear you, |
2. Kasikiya Fumo yu mkenge[1] ♦ mwenda Gana ♦ yuu la namiri[2] | 2. in case Fumo the fugitive hears you – he who goes to Gana – riding a leopard, |
3. Yuasiye[3] jina[4] yuasiye ♦ ha[5] shuwara[6] ♦ Fumo Mringwari | 3. he who has totally defied the jinns, (thus) making Fumo Mringwari feel uneasy. |
4. At̪a shaki[7] muwewa[8] siliye ♦ ukaliza ♦ nami yakajiri[9] | 4. Stop sobbing, my little one, do not cry, lest you make me cry too, tears of pus. |
5. Yakajiri maozi usaha. ♦ Mwenye gheri[10] ♦ kapata habari | 5. The proud person, [Liyongo], got some inkling [that] |
6. Washorongwa wapozewe[11] mali ♦ akawapa ♦ mud̪a na namiri | 6. the dancers have been paid, [Mringwari] gave them time [to prepare themselves] and the leopard[s][12]. |
7. Wakawa asi kwa pamoya ♦ kumzinga ♦ Fumo wa Bauri | 7. They conspired all together to attack Fumo wa Bauri |
8. Wakenenda mwaoni, simba ♦ yushishiye[13] ♦ msu na hanjari | 8. [so] they went to the Mwao dance, where the lion was holding a sword and a dagger |
9. Akat̪eza Liyongo na Wat̪wa ♦ na muwiwe[14] ♦ Mbwasho kashamiri | 9. and where Liyongo danced with the WaTwa; the enemy of Mbwasho was already prepared. |
10. Wakarud̪i asi za Muungu, ♦ kamwambiya ♦ Fumo Mringwari | 10. They returned, the cursed ones, and told Fumo Mringwari that |
11. Hawezeki Liyongo ni moto ♦ si kiumbe ♦ huyule ni nari | 11. Liyongo is invincible, he is made of fire, he is not an ordinary human, but made of fire.[15] |
12. Hawezeki Liyongo ni jini ♦ awezao ♦ nyani kumughuri? | 12. Liyongo is invincible, he is a jinn, who can overcome him? |
[1] mtoro.
[2] chui.
[3] ameasi.
[4] majini.
[5] hana.
[6] shwari.
[7] shake.
[8] (mtoto) mwenye kulelewa.
[9] (machozi) yakajiri.
[10] mwenye ari.
[11] wamepewa.
[12] Representing bravery and power
[13] ameshika.
[14] mtu mbaya, adui yake.
[15] In Islamic tradition, human beings are created from clay, and jinns are created from fire; hence, the metaphor of fire to emphasise the invincibility of Liyongo.
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UT̪UMBUIZO WA LIYONGO HARUSINI / LIYONGO AT THE WEDDING – AJAMI VERSION
UT̪UMBUIZO WA LIYONGO HARUSINI / LIYONGO AT THE WEDDING – CRITICAL EDITION
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Sources:
Da = Dammann (mss, handwritten in Roman script) ‘Gedichte des Liongo’
Ha = Harries (1962: 62-65), incorporated in the ‘Utend»i wa Liongo’
Kn1 = Knappert (1991: 213-226) ‘Shairi la gungu wakati wa Fumo Liongo’
Kn2 = Knappert (1979: 76 -77) ‘The Wedding Song’
Mu = Mulokozi (1999: 59 – 62) ‘Mashairi ya Liongo’
Nab = Nabahany (ms, handwritten in Roman script) ‘Utumbuizo’
SLB = State Library Berlin (Hs or 9898, Nr.383, S. 54-55, in Arabic script)
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1. 1Mringwari na T̪aikha² Vuaye³ ♦ nd̪ooni⁴ hwitwa⁵ na Fumo Liyongo
1 = Da: 1a, Ha: 1a, Kn2: 1-2, Nab: 1a-b, SLB: 1a
2 SLB: [shaha]
3 Ha: na taikha fuwanye; Kn1: Mringira na taikha fuwa; Kn2: Muringaji, taiha fuata; Mu: Mringari na Taikha Yuwaye; Nab: na Shaha fumo uye
4 Kn1, Kn2, Nab: nd̪oni; Mu: ndoo
5Da: hitwa; Nab, SLB: mwitwa
2. 1Nd̪ooni hwitwa² na Liyongo Fumo³ ♦ na nduguye shaha Bwana Mwengo⁴
1 = Da: 1b, Ha: 1b, Kn2: 3-4, Nab: 2a-b, SLB: 1b,2a-b
2 Da: hitwa, SLB: [mwitwa]; Kn1, Kn2, Mu, Nab: ndoni
3 Nab: ndoni na Liyongo Fumo
4 Mu: Bwana Mongo; Nab, SLB: [Shaha wa Bwana Mwengo]
3. 1Mukak’et̪i² yuu³ la uliliye⁴ ♦ wakusanya⁵ wat̪ezi6 wa ringo7
1 = Da: 1c, Ha: 2a, Kn2: 24, Nab: 4a-b, SLB: 3b,4a
2 Nab, SLB: wak’et̪iye
3 Da, K1: yiu
4 Kn1: ulili; Nab, SLB: k’umbi; Mu: mkaketi yeo lauleliye;
5 Ha, Kn1, Mu: wakusanye; Nab, SLB: hukusanya; Kn2: wakutane
6 Ha: watenzi
7 Kn2: the second half line is preceded by other two lines not found in the other sources:
Wakiimba wakuu na wana ♦ wakutane watezi wa ringo (23,24)
4. 1Wakusanya² wat̪ezi hiyari³ ♦ wayuwao kutunga zifungo⁴
1 = Da: 1d, Ha: 2b, Kn2: 19-20, Nab: 5a-b, SLB: 4b
2 Ha, Kn1, Mu: wakusanye; Kn2: wakutane; Nab, SLB: hukusanya
3 Ha, Kn1+2, Mu: watenzi; Nab, SLB: watu wa shairi
4 Nab, SLB: kifungo
5. 1Wayuwao kufuwasa zina² ♦ na3 kut̪eza kwa⁴ kumiya5 shingo⁶
1 = Da: 2a, Ha: 3a, Kn2: 21-22, Nab: 6a-b, SLB: 4b,5a
2 Nab, SLB: kufuwata
3 Nab, SLB: kwa
4 Kn1, Nab, SLB: na
5 Ha: kuumia; Mu: kumenya (kumiya?)
6 Kn2 adds here the following lines (23-27) that are not found in this form in the other sources:
Wakiimba wakuu na wana
wakutane watezi wa ringo
Na Liongo akaanza nyimbo
watwaeni wari wa mapambo
wa sauti njema za muwango
6. 1Hwitwa hima² inukani mwende³ ♦ wat̪ukufu wana wa zitengo
1 = Da: 2b, Ha: 3b, Kn2: 5-6, Nab: 15a,7b, SLB: 5b,6
2 Mu: huvita; Kn2: hima mwetwa
3 Nab: mwite hima inukani; SLB: [mwitwa hima inukani mwitwa]
7. 1Kuna2 gungu nyemi za harusi³ ♦ humuoza⁴ umbule⁵ Liyongo
1 = Da: 2c, Ha: 4a, Kn2: 11-12, Nab: 3a-b, SLB: 2c,3a
2 Da, Mu: kuza
3 SLB: [arusi]; Da: nyemi kama za arusi
4 Kn1: humuowa; Kn2: kumuoa; Da, Mu: humwona
5 Da: u mbali
8. 1P’indi sizo wat’u wasiyakaa² ♦ ukumbini kukawa kisongo
1 Missing in Nab, SLB; = Da: 2d, Ha: 4b, Kn2: 7-8
2 Da: wasikiao; Kn1+2: wasikae; Mu: wa yikao
9. 1Na muchenda² vaani libasi ♦ mujifushe na ungi³ wa mwingo⁴
1 = Da: 3a, Ha: 5a, Kn2: 9,18, Nab: 8a-b, SLB: 6,7a
2 Kn1: mukende; Kn2: mukija; Nab: mukiteza
3 Kn1: unga
4 Da, Ha: mengo; Nab: mwengo
10. 1Mujipake nat̪wibu hiyari² ♦ yalot̪uwa³ kwa zema ziungo⁴
1 = Da: 3b, Ha: 5b, Kn2: 17,10, Nab: 9a-b, SLB: 7b,8a
2 Nab: mujipake twibu khiyari
3 Kn2: lilotua; Nab: ilotuwa
4 Kn1: kazi ya mazingo; Mu: kazi mazingo; Kn2: mujifushe na ungi wa mengo,
11. 1Choshi² ni³ maambari⁴ na ud̪i⁵ ♦ fukizani nguo ziso ongo
1 = Da: 3c, Ha: 6a, Kn2: 13-14, Nab: 13a-b, SLB: 10b,11
2 Ha: choche; Mu: chushi
3 Da: na; Kn1: chenye
4 Kn1: ambari; Da: miambari
5 Kn2: chocheeni udi na ambari; Nab: tukisa choma ambari na udi; SLB: [choshi chema ambari na udi]
12. 1Fukizani2 nguo za hariri ♦ na zisutu³ zisizo⁵ zit̪ango
1 = Da: 3d, Ha: 6b, Kn2: 15-16, Nab: 14a-b, SLB: 11
2 Kn2: jivishani
3 Mu: zisuta
4 Nab: ziso
13. 1Pachori² na zafarani ♦ na³ zabad̪i twahara4 ya⁵ fungo
1 Missing in Kn2; = Da: 4a, Ha: 7a, Nab: 10a-b, SLB: 8a
2 Da: patani; Ha: patouri; Kn1: kwa pacholi; Mu: patunze
3 Nab: without na
4 Mu: twahasa
5 Nab: za
14. 1Na zit̪o² za karafuu³ ♦ t̪uliyani musitiwe t̪’ungo⁵
1 Missing in Kn2; = Da: 4b, Ha: 7b, Nab: 11a-b, SLB: 8b,9
2 Da: zit̪wa; Nab, SLB: ziembo
3 Kn1: na zito za karafuu heri
4 Da, Kn1, Mu: k’ombo; Ha: kungo
15. 1Na it̪iri² na kafuri³ haya⁴ ♦ ndiyo mwiso⁵ wa changu⁶ kiungo⁷
1 Missing in Kn2; = Da: 4c, Ha: 8a, Nab: 12a-b, SLB: 9
2 Da, Ha, Mu, Nab, SLB: ambari
3 Kn1: kafuri njema
4 Kn1: without haya
5 Nab: mezowa
6 Da, Ha, Mu: tangu; Nab, SLB: chenu
7 In Ha there follows here a line that is also found in Da and in Mu, but in both versions it appears at the end of the poem in the last stanza with the end-rhyme –ngo.
Ha (8b), Mu (34): Mjipake mkajifukize muende kwenu mukita mwengo
Da (9c): Mjipake mkifukiza mwende kwenu mkt̪iwae mingo
16. 1Na wambeja² wa k’usi na nyio³ ♦ watwaeni wari⁴ kwa miyongo⁵
1 Missing in Kn2, Nab, SLB; = Da: 4d, Ha: 9b, Kn2: 26 (Kn2 only has the second half line)
2 Ha, Kn1: wapija
3 Da, Mu: yeo; Ha: yio; Kn1: uio (pl. nyio)
4 Da: ware; Mu: wande
5 Da: mingo; Kn2: mapambo
17. 1Watwaeni mwende nao papo² ♦ wapokee sabuka kwa mwango³
1 Missing in Nab, SLB, partly in Kn2, Mu; = Da: 5a, Ha: 9a, Kn2: 26, Mu: 17(a)
2 Ha, Mu, Kn1: watwaeni wari na upambo; Kn2: watwaeni wari wa mapambo
3 Missing in Mu, instead second half line of 18: wa saut̪i njema ya muango
18. 1Na walio wazuri wa miyo² ♦ kwa3 saut̪i njema ya mwango
1 Missing in Ha, Nab, SLB, partly in Da, Kn2, Mu; = Da: 5b, Kn2: 27, Mu: 17(b)
2 Da: only wazuri
3 Kn2, Mu: wa
19. 1Hima hima inukani² mwetwa³ ♦ limekuwa yeo⁴ wazi lango⁵
1 Missing in Kn2; = Da: 5c, Ha: 10a, Mu: 18, Nab: 7a,15b, SLB: 12
2 Mu: ipukani
3 Ha: mwitwa; Nab: meta hima uonekane meta; SLB: mwitwa hima inukani mwende
4 Kn1: yiu
5 Kn1: zilango; Nab, SLB: watukufu wana wa zilango
20. 1Na² za kupa t’uzo nimeweka³ ♦ t̪’umbit̪’umbit⁴ miyongo miyongo5
1 Missing in Kn2; = Da: 5d, Ha: 10b, Mu: 19, Nab: 16a,18b, SLB: 12,13a
2 Ha: without na
3 Da: t’uzoni meweka; Ha, SLB: zimewekwa; Mu: tunzoni mewekwa; Nab: na za kumba tuzuri mweka
4 Da: t̪obit̪obi; Nab: ukumbini
5 SLB: ukumbini kwa Fumo Liyongo (cf.3-22)
21. 1Fedhat̪i² na k’owa za Hind̪i³ ♦ na mikufu ya kwawiya⁴ shingo⁵
1 Missing in Kn2; = Da: 6a, Ha: 11a, Mu: 20, Nab:17a-b, SLB: 13b,14
2 Kn1: na fidhat̪i; Mu: fidhali (fedhati?)
3 Ha: barhindi; Nab, SLB: fedha mbiti na nguo za Hindi
4 Da: ya kwa via; Kn1: yakawiya; Mu: kuwiya
5 Nab: na kama kufu za shingo
22. 1Na2 makapu makapu ya nguo³ ♦ ukumbini kwa Fumo Liyongo4
1 Missing in Kn2; = Da: 6b, Ha: 11b, Mu: 21, Nab: 18a,16b, SLB: 14
2 Ha: without na
3 Da: na makapu ya nguo
4 SLB: [ukumbini miyongo miyongo] (cf. 3-20)
23. 1P’indi sizo2 wat’u wakafika ♦ ukumbini kukawa kisongo
1 Missing in Kn2, Nab, SLB; = Da: 6c, Ha: 12a, Mu: 22
2 Mu: pinde ziso
24. 1Wenye zimo zimo zikakuwa ♦ na wafupi² wakinyowa³ shingo
1 Missing in Kn1+2; = Da: 6d, Ha: 12b, Mu: 23, Nab: 19a-b, SLB: 15
2 Nab, SLB: zifumbi
3 Mu: wakinyua; Nab: wa kinyowa
25. 1Kula mt’u kamba² ni nyemi³ ♦ wenda⁴ wima na wenda⁵ zijongo
1 Missing in Kn1+2; = Da: 7a, Ha: 13a, Mu: 24, Nab: 22a-b, SLB: 17
2 Ha: kuamba; Nab: kama
3 Nab, SLB: mbitimi
4 Nab: wendao
5 Nab: wendao
26. 1Kwa kupata pato la t̪ijara ♦ liso² shid̪a³ na mt̪angot̪ango⁴
1 Missing in Kn2; = Da: 7b, Ha: 13b, Kn1: 24, Mu: 25, Nab: 23a-b, SLB: 18
2 Nab: lisilo
3 Da, Ha, Mu: lisoshiba
4 Kn1: hawashibi na maji ya tango; Kn2 has a similar line that is only identical in the end-rhyme and which is not found in the other sources (31): wakacheza na mtangomtango
27. 1P’indi² sizo Liyongo akema³ ♦ akatuza moyo asi⁴ shingo⁵
1 = Da: 7c, Ha: 14a, Kn1: 25, Kn2: 25, Mu: 26, Nab: 20a-b, SLB: 15,16a
2 Ha: pindo
3 Ha, Kn1, Mu: akima; Nab: pindi Liyongo akima
4 Ha: usi
5 Kn1: shungo; Kn2 (25) has a different first half line not found in the other versions: na Liongo akaanza nyimbo. The second half line is missing completely.
28. 1Akatuza kimba² wasichana³ ♦ na waume wakangiya ringo4
1 Missing partly in Kn2; = Da: 7d, Ha: 14b, Kn1: 26, Kn2: 30, Mu: 27, Nab: 21a-b, SLB: 16b,17
2 Da, Kn1, Mu: kwimba
3 Nab: akatuza kipawa si chana; Kn2: wakaanza kwimba wasichana
This line is followed by (31): wakacheza na mtangomtango (see above line26)
4 Missing in Kn2
29. 1Wale wat’u² wot̪’e wakanena³ ♦ ndiyo ni⁴ mtend̪i⁵ Fumo si mwongo⁶
1 = Da: 8a, Ha: 15a, Kn1: 27, Kn2: 32,33,34, Mu: 28, Nab: 24a-b, SLB: 18,19a
2 Nab, SLB: kula mtu akanena
3 Kn2: wale watu wakanyema sana; the following line in K2 (33) repeats it: wale watu wote sana wakanyema
4 Ha: without ni
5 Kn2: yu mtenzi fumo
6 Kn1: yu mtenzi Maliki Liongo; Kn2: yu mtenzi fumo, si uongo
30. 1Ni mtend̪i Fumo ni mtend̪i ♦ ulijile mgoya² na t̪’ango3
1 Missing in Kn1+2; = Da: 8b, Ha: 15b, Mu: 29, Nab: 25a-b, SLB: 19b,20
2 Ha: mgunya; Mu: mngoya; Nab: upijishile mfunda na chango
3 SLB: [upijile mfupa na chanu]
31. 1Upijile mfupa na t’anu2 ♦ wenye kula wakazipa nyongo3
1 Missing in Kn1+2; = Da: 8c, Ha: 16a, Mu: 30, Nab: 26a-b, SLB: 20,21a
2 Nab: upijishile mfunda wa chambo
3 Ha: wakirambe bungo; Mu: wakiramba bungo; Nab: waye kula wakaraba bongo
32. 1Wenye² kula wakashiba mno ♦ shiba ya³ mtingotingo
1 Missing in Kn2; = Da: 8d, Ha: 16b, Kn1: 28, Mu: 31, Nab: 27a-b, SLB: 21b
2 Nab: waye
3 Ha: wakashiba ya; Kn1: shibeshibe; Nab, SLB: shiba njema ya
33. 1Bait̪ize arubaini pazid̪iye ♦ na mine2 miyongo
1 Missing in Kn1+2, Nab, SLB; = Da: 9a, Ha: 17a, Mu: 32
2 Ha: nami
34. 1Pazid̪iye na nne nambayo2 ♦ sahi³ sambe⁴ ni uwongo
1 Missing in Kn1+2, Nab, SLB; = Da: 9b, Ha: 17b, Mu: 33
2 Mu: na mbao
3 Mu: swali
4 Da: sambi
35. 1Salaamu aleikum twaani hii ♦ twaani hii shaha mekuya mwaoni2
1 Missing in Kn1+2, Nab, SLB; = Da: 10a, Ha: 18a, Mu: 35; in Da it is separated from the other stanzas under the title ‘Wimbo wa maringo’. Possibly, it is sung as a transition from one poem to the other poem below. This line and the following do not show the rhyme (kina) –ngo that runs throughout the poem.
2 Mu: muona
36. 1Shaha mekuya mwaoni² hii mwaoni ♦ nyut̪’e inukani nit̪
1 Missing in Kn1+2, Nab, SLB; = Da: 10b, Ha: 18b, Mu: 36;
Kn2 (28/29) has a similar content that appears in the context of line 18 (see above):
Inukani nyote chezeeni ♦ ingiani pamoya mwaoni
The poem ends with a line not found in the other sources (35/36):
Ndio mwisho wa changu kiungo ♦ nyote pamwe muwe na salama!
The same is true for Kn1 that ends as follows:
Na kukit̪wa wakala walima ♦ milima ya wali si uongo
Nikomile wimbo wa Liyongo ♦ bait̪ize ni tatu miongo
SLB has the following last lines:
[(?) yale, ya wenye kwenda zita ♦ nali nilele, karuka na kwanguwa uta
Mama mzazi fungu la nguo kakamata ♦ baba wendapi huyawa (huyuwa?) bora kuteta
Nilicha nende ni mwana tuwi nakamata ♦ nala kwa meno na kwa mayaa kiokota
Mashairi ya zamani sana haya ya Liyongo Fumo
(?) sana]
2 Mu: muone
Overview
New | Da | Ha | Kn1 | Kn2 | Mu | Nab | SLB |
1 | 1a | 1a | 1 | 1,2 | 1 | 1a,b | 1a |
2 | 1b | 1b | 2 | 3,4 | 2 | 2a,b | 1b,2a,b |
3 | 1c | 2a | 3 | 24 | 3 | 4a,b | 3b,4a |
4 | 1d | 2b | 4 | 19,20 | 4 | 5a,b | 4b |
5 | 2a | 3a | 5 | 21,22 | 5 | 6a,b | 4b,5a |
6 | 2b | 3b | 6 | 5,6 | 6 | 15a,7b | 5b,6 |
7 | 2c | 4a | 7 | 11,12 | 7 | 3a,b | 2c,3a |
8 | 2d | 4b | 8 | 7,8 | 8 | – | – |
9 | 3a | 5a | 9 | 9,18 | 9 | 8a,b | 6,7a |
10 | 3b | 5b | 10 | 17,10 | 10 | 9a,b | 7b,8a |
11 | 3c | 6a | 11 | 13,14 | 11 | 13a,b | 10b,11 |
12 | 3d | 6b | 12 | 15,16 | 12 | 14a,b | 11 |
13 | 4a | 7a | 13 | – | 13 | 10a,b | 8a |
14 | 4b | 7b | 14 | – | 14 | 11a,b | 8b,9 |
15 | 4c | 8a | 15 | – | 15 | 12a,b | 9 |
16 | 4d | 9b | 16 | 26 | 16 | – | – |
17 | 5a | 9a | 17 | 26 | 17(a) | – | – |
18 | 5b | – | 18 | 27 | 17(b) | – | – |
19 | 5c | 10a | 19 | – | 18 | 7a,15b | 12 |
20 | 5d | 10b | 20 | – | 19 | 16a,18b | 12,13a |
21 | 6a | 11a | 21 | – | 20 | 17a,b | 13b,14 |
22 | 6b | 11b | 22 | – | 21 | 18a,16b | 14 |
23 | 6c | 12a | 23 | – | 22 | – | – |
24 | 6d | 12b | – | – | 23 | 19a,b | 15 |
25 | 7a | 13a | – | – | 24 | 22a,b | 17 |
26 | 7b | 13b | 24 | – | 25 | 23a,b | 18 |
27 | 7c | 14a | 25 | 26 | 20a,b | 15,16a | |
28 | 7d | 14b | 26 | 30 | 27 | 21a,b | 16b,17 |
29 | 8a | 15a | 27 | 32,33,34 | 28 | 24a,b | 18,19a |
30 | 8b | 15b | – | – | 29 | 25a,b | 19b,20 |
31 | 8c | 16a | – | – | 30 | 26a,b | 20,21a |
32 | 8d | 16b | 28 | – | 31 | 27a,b | 21b |
33 | 9a | 17a | – | – | 32 | – | – |
- Utumbuizo wa Liyongo Harusini
Dammann Collection (HS or 9898, Nr. 383, p. 54-55, State Library, Berlin)
New | Da | Ha | Kn1 | Kn2 | Mu | Nab | SLB |
34 | 9b | 17b | – | – | 33 | – | – |
35 | 10a | 18a | – | – | 35 | – | – |
36 | 10b | 18b | – | 28,29 | 36 | – | – |
9c | 8b | 34 | |||||
29 | |||||||
30 | |||||||
23 | |||||||
25 | |||||||
26,27 | 17 | ||||||
28-36 | |||||||
22 | |||||||
23 | |||||||
24 | |||||||
25 | |||||||
26 |
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UT̪UMBUIZO WA LIYONGO HARUSINI / LIYONGO AT THE WEDDING
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1. Mringwari na T̪aikha Vuaye ♦ nd̪ooni hwitwa na Fumo Liyongo | 1. Come! Mringwari, Taikha, and Vuaye, you are called by Fumo Liyongo, |
2. Nd̪ooni hwitwa na Liyongo Fumo ♦ na nduguye shaha Bwana Mwengo | 2. you are called by Liyongo Fumo and his cousin, the master bard Bwana Mwengo. |
3. Mukak’et̪i yuu la uliliye[1] ♦ wakusanya wat̪ezi wa ringo | 3. Take your places on the ceremonial ulili[2], you, who select the graceful dancers |
4. Wakusanya wat̪ezi hiyari ♦ wayuwao kutunga zifungo | 4. you, who gather the best dancers, skilled in composing enigmatic verses, |
5. Wayuwao kufuwasa zina ♦ na kut̪eza kwa kumiya shingo[3] | 5. those who are masters of the art of rhyme and who dance elegantly with swaying necks. |
6. Hwitwa hima inukani mwende ♦ wat̪ukufu wana wa zitengo[4] | 6. Urgently called are you, arise and go, you nobles of high rank, |
7. Kuna gungu nyemi[5] za harusi ♦ humuoza umbule[6] Liyongo | 7. for there is joyous gungu dancing, Liyongo’s sister is being wed. |
8. P’indi sizo[7] wat’u wasiyakaa ♦ ukumbini kukawa kisongo | 8. At this time, before the nobles have taken (their places), the hall will be overcrowded. |
9. Na muchenda[8] vaani libasi ♦ mujifushe[9] na ungi wa mwingo[10] | 9. Arrive there well adorned in your fine attire, perfumed and censed with much fragrance. |
10. Mujipake na t̪wibu hiyari ♦ yalot̪uwa[11] kwa zema ziungo | 10. Put on choice scent made of the best ingredients,[12] |
11. Choshi[13] ni maambari na ud̪i ♦ fukizani nguo ziso ongo[14] | 11. treat your spotless clothes with the incense of ambergris and aloe-wood, |
12. Fukizani nguo za hariri ♦ na zisutu zisizo zit̪ango[15] | 12. treat your silken garments and finely made zisutu[16] clothes |
13. Pachori[17] na zafarani ♦ na zabad̪i[18] t̪wahara ya fungo[19] | 13. with patchouli and saffron and pure musk of the civet, |
14. Na zit̪o za karafuu ♦ t̪uliyani musitiwe t̪’ungo[20] | 14. and ground them with clove-buds, lest people criticise you, |
15. Na it̪iri[21] na kafuri haya ♦ ndiyo mwiso wa changu kiungo | 15. and (finally) add perfume and fine camphor to complete the ingredients. |
16. Na wambeja wa k’usi[22] na nyio[23] ♦ watwaeni wari kwa miyongo | 16. Come with elegant ladies, clapping and cheering, leading young girls in lines. |
17. Watwaeni mwende nao papo ♦ wapokee sabuka[24] kwa mwango | 17. Lead the young girls to be acclaimed in celebration by the welcoming group – |
18. Na walio wazuri wa miyo[25] ♦ kwa saut̪i njema ya mwango | 18. the girls with graceful necks and clear echoing voices. |
19. Hima hima inukani mwetwa ♦ limekuwa yeo wazi lango | 19. Come! Come! Rejoice! Today the door has been opened. |
20. Na za kupa t’uzo nimeweka ♦ t̪’umbit̪’umbi miyongo miyongo | 20. And I have kept ready the presents, numerous gifts, all arranged in tens – |
21. Fedhat̪i na k’owa za Hind̪i ♦ na mikufu ya kwawiya[26] shingo | 21. silver coins and Indian armlets, necklaces that richly cover the chest |
22. Na makapu makapu ya nguo ♦ ukumbini kwa Fumo Liyongo | 22. and several baskets of garments – [kept] in the great hall of Fumo Liyongo. |
23. P’indi sizo wat’u wakafika ♦ ukumbini kukawa kisongo[27] | 23. At this time people arrived, and the halls were overcrowded |
24. Wenye zimo zimo zikakuwa ♦ na wafupi wakinyowa[28] shingo | 24. with the tall folk on tip-toe, and the short ones straining their necks, |
25. Kula mt’u kamba ni nyemi ♦ wenda wima na wenda zijongo | 25. everyone agreeing that it is a joyful event both for the young and the old[29], |
26. Kwa kupata pato la t̪ijara ♦ liso shid̪a na mt̪angot̪ango | 26. obtaining the most befitting rewards without overstraining or tiring oneself. |
27. P’indi sizo Liyongo akema[30] ♦ akatuza moyo asi shingo[31] | 27. Then Liyongo arose, confident and self-assured |
28. Akatuza kimba wasichana ♦ na waume wakangiya ringo | 28. and, with poise, he started singing, while the maidens and young men danced around with grace. |
29. Wale wat’u wot̪’e wakanena ♦ ndiyo ni mtend̪i Fumo si mwongo | 29. And all those present said: Liyongo is a true man of action, not of empty words, |
30. Ni mtend̪i Fumo ni mtend̪i ♦ ulijile[32] mgoya[33] na t̪’ango[34] | 30. indeed, Fumo is a man of action, here he is, proud and ready to make a contribution. |
31. Upijile mfupa na t’anu[35] ♦ wenye kula wakazipa nyongo[36] | 31. When Liyongo issued a challenge by beating the platter with a bone, people stopped eating, taken by surprise as they were. |
32. Wenye kula wakashiba mno ♦ shiba ya mtingotingo[37] | 32. Suddenly, the overwhelmed diners became satiated before time |
33. Bait̪ize arubaini pazid̪iye[38] ♦ na mine miyongo | 33. and the verses [recited by Liyongo] were forty with forty extra verses |
34. Pazid̪iye na nne nambayo ♦ sahi sambe ni uwongo | 34. and another four were added. What I say is true, say not that it is false. |
35. Salaamu aleikum twaani hii ♦ twaani hii shaha mekuya mwaoni | 35. Peace be upon you, receive my greetings, do receive my greetings, the master bard has come to the master dance, |
36. Shaha mekuya mwaoni hii mwaoni ♦ nyut̪’e inukani nit̪eze. |
36. the master bard has come to the master dance, ‘You get ready, so that I may start dancing.’ |
[1] kitanda chake.
[2] Bedstead on which the nobles sat during ceremonies
[3] kuchezesha shingo.
[4] vikao.
[5] furaha.
[6] dadake.
[7] wakati huo.
[8] mkienda.
[9] mjifukize.
[10] wingi wa manukato.
[11] iliyosagwa au iliyochuliwa.
[12]Alternative interpretation: Massage yourself with choice scent to make your limbs relax.
[13] moshi wa mafukizo.
[14] uchafu.
[15] viraka.
[16] Cloth with repetitive designs of dark red colour worn by women.
[17] aina ya manukato.
[18] aina ya manukato inayofanana na ambari.
[19] fungwa, pugi.
[20] kosa.
[21] mafuta mazuri.
[22] wanaopiga kofi.
[23] vigelegele.
[24] wakaribishaji wa waleta zawadi za bibi harusi.
[25] hodari wa kuchezesha shingo.
[26] kuenea.
[27] msongamano.
[28] wakinyosha.
[29]Lit.: for those who walk straight and those who walk with a stoop
[30] akasimama.
[31] bila ya kuweka shingo upande.
[32] alikuwa amekuja.
[33] mwenye fahari.
[34] mchango.
[35] kuzindua watu wamsikilize.
[36] wakaacha chakula ili wasikilize.
[37] shibe ya tumbo kujaa.
[38] pamezidi.
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UT̪UMBUIZO WA KIKOWA / THE KIKOWA MEAL
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Ut̪umbuizo wa Kikowa | The Kikowa Meal[1] |
1- Pijiyani p’embe, vigomamle[2] na t̪’owazi[3] | 1- Strike for me the horns, the long drums and the cymbals, |
2 T̪’eze na Mbwasho na K’undazi | 2- so that I may dance with Mbwasho and K’undazi. |
3- Pija muwiwa[4] k’umbuke mwana wa shangazi | 3- Strike, you who owe a debt (of Kikowa), so that I may remember (my) cousin. |
4- Yu wapi simba ezi li kana[5] mt̪embezi | 4- Where is the mighty lion?[6] He is like an inveterate wanderer! |
5- Fumo wa Shanga, sikiya, shamba, mitaa pwani | 5- Fumo of Shanga, reckon well, (roams) the land and the coastal areas. |
6- Fumo wa Shanga, chambiya Wat̪wa fungiyani? | 6- Fumo of Shanga asked the Watwa people: ‘Why are you putting me in fetters?’ |
7- Fumo achamba mfungeni | 7- Fumo (Mringwari) ordered: ‘Tie him up! |
8- Kikaze miyo[7] nguo nawapa za kit̪wani | 8- Tighten (the knot) around his neck, and I will reward you with the turbans of honour, |
9- Mkatatiya na mikumbuu viunoni | 9- and fine waistbands to tie round your waists, |
10- Pamba vit̪ambi kamwinda huu manyikani | 10- and adorn you with wraps, so that you may go and hunt him in the wilderness, |
11- Wasi wa[8] shid̪a ila ye pweke manyikani | 11- where you will have no problems except (to capture) him. |
12- Kenda[9] wambiyeni kasit̪e yuu tumuwiyeni[10] | 12- When you go, I am telling you, lie in wait for him.[11] |
13- Yufit̪e nguuze[12] Kiunga shaka[13] la Boni | 13- He has hidden himself in the hills at Kiunga in the forest lands of the Boni.’ |
14- K’ila t̪’apo nikila t̪ambuu na zipopoo za mwituni | 14- [Liyongo says] ‘[Since] I (only) eat t̪’apo[14] nuts, chew betel leaves and wild areca nuts, |
[1] A meal given for a group; each member is required to reciprocate the invitation and hold his own kikowa.
[2] aina ya ngoma.
[3] matasa ya ngoma.
[4] anayedaiwa.
[5] alikuwa kama; alternative reading: (a)likaa na.
[6] Probably a sarcastic reference to Fumo Liyongo.
[7] shingo.
[8] wasiokuwa na.
[9] mkienda.
[10] tumvizieni.
[11] Alternative interpretation: make him pay his due (of kikowa).
[12] vilima vyake.
[13] chaka.
[14] Type of areca nut.
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UT̪UMBUIZO WA KIKOWA / THE KIKOWA MEAL – CRITICAL EDITION
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Sources:
Ha = Harries (1962: 176/177) ‘The Song of Shagga’
HH = Institute of Asian and African Studies Hamburg (ms 3552 H 117, in Arabic script) ‘Qala shairi’
Kn = Knappert (1979: 72 -73) ‘Song of Pursuit’
St = Steere (1870a: 448) incorporated in ‘Hadithi ya Liongo’
Tay = Taylor (ms 47754 SOAS in Arabic sript) ‘Qala shairi’
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1. ¹Pijiyani p’embe, vigomamle2 na t̪’owazi
¹ Missing in Kn, St; = Ha: 1b, HH: 1a-b, Tay: 1a
2 Ha, Tay: vikoma m(u)le
2. ¹t̪’eze² na Mbwasho na K’undazi
¹ Missing in Kn, St; = Ha, HH: 1a, Tay: 1a-b
2 Ha: mtezi
3. ¹Pija² muwiwa k’umbuke mwana wa shangazi
¹ Missing in Kn, St; = Ha: 2a, HH: 1b-d,2a, Tay: 1b-d,2a,
2 Ha: mmbeja
4. ¹Yu wapi simba ezi li² kana³ mt̪embezi
¹ Missing in Kn, St; = Ha: 2b, HH: 2b-d, Tay: 2b-d
2 Ha: ali
³ Another reading could be (a)likaa na
5. ¹Fumo wa Shanga², sikiya, shamba³, mitaa pwani
¹ Missing in Kn, St; = Ha: 3a, HH: 2d-e,3a, Tay: 2d-e,3a
2 Ha: Shagga, HH: [shunga]
3 Ha, Tay: shabah
6. ¹Fumo wa Shanga², chambiya Wat̪wa fungiyani³?
¹ Missing in Kn, St; = Ha: 3b, HH: 3a-b, Tay: 3a-b
2 Ha: Shagga, HH: [shunga]
3 Ha: mfungiani; there is a corresponding line in Knappert’s ‘The Poor Man’s Song’ (1979: 73/74): Wakambiwa watwa mufungeni
7. ¹Fumo achamba mfungeni
¹ Missing in Ha, Kn, St; = HH: 3b-c, Tay: 3b-c
8. ¹Kikaze miyo² nguo nawapa za kit̪wani
¹ Missing in Kn, St; = Ha: 4a, HH: 4a-b, Tay: 4a-b
2 Ha: muwi
9. ¹Mkatatiya² na mikumbuu viunoni3
¹ Missing in Kn, St; = Ha: 4b, HH: 4b-c, Tay: 4c
2 HH, Ha: mkapatia
3 HH: [viuni]
10. ¹Pamba² vit̪ambi³ kamwinda huu4 manyikani
¹ Missing in St; = Ha: 5a, HH: 4b,5a, Kn: 1, Tay: 4c,5a
2 Kn: papa; Ha: papa
3 Ha: kitambi
4 Ha, Kn: kamwinde huo
11. ¹Wasi wa shid̪a2 ila ye pweke manyikani
¹ Missing in St; = Ha: 5b, Kn: 2, HH: 5a-b, Tay: 5a-b
2 Ha: washinda; Kn: la illaye awashinde
12. ¹Kenda² wambiyeni kasit̪e yuu tumuwiyeni³
¹ Missing in Kn, St; = Ha 6a, HH 5b,6a, Tay 5b,6a
2 Possibly: Chenda (?), but Tay does not allow this reading
3 Ha: tumuyeni; HH: [tuyiziye]
13. ¹Yufit̪e² nguuze³ kiunga4 shaka5 la Boni6
¹ Missing in Kn, St; = Ha: 6b, HH: 6a-b, Tay: 6a-b
2 Ha: ye yufite
3 Ha: ngozi; alternative reading: nguoze
4 Ha: kiyungwa (Ha: ‘ngozi kiyungwa, the locality of Kiungwa, now mapped as Kiongwe, to the immediate south of Ras Mtio’)
5 Ha: shake
6 Ha: buni
14. ¹K’ila t̪’apo nikila t̪ambuu na zipopoo² za mwituni
1 Missing in Kn, St; = Ha: 7a, HH: 6b,7a, Tay: 6b,7a
2 Ha: nikila tapo na zipopo
15. ¹K’ila t̪’eweyu2 tule kikowa al-sult̪wani³
¹ Missing in Kn, St; = Ha: 7b, HH: 7a-b, Tay: 7a-b
2 HH: [tiwiye]
3 Ha: wachamba kila tiwiye tule kikoa wa sisi al-sultani
16. ¹Wasi wa shamba hila kikowa t̪’alipani?²
¹ Missing in Kn, St; = Ha: 8a, HH: 7b,8a, Tay: 7b,8a
2 Ha: achamba hila kikoa mkata muno talipani
17. ¹Mkata muno ‘so koma bivu la ngaa[ni]²
¹ Missing in Kn, St; = Ha: 8b, HH: 8b-d, Tay: 8b-d
2 Ha: achamba tashukume wivu la ngaani
18. ¹Tule shaaye t’afuma wivu la ngaani²
¹ Missing in Kn; = Ha: 9a, St (p. 484), HH: 8d,9a, Tay: 8d,9a
2 Ha: tule cha yayi tafuma wivu la ngaani (see the line before); HH: [tule cha yayi likataye matangani]; cf. Steere (1870a: 448): tafuma wivu la angania, tule cha yayi; Tay: [tule cha yai likananiya matagaani]
19. ¹Kafuma ngaa² huyu si mtu yu nga jini³
¹ Missing in Kn,; = Ha: 9b, HH: 9a-b, St: (p.448), Tay: 9a-b
2 Ha: ngaa wachamba
3 Cf. a similar line in Knappert’s ‘The Song of the Poor Man’ (1979: 73/74): siye mtu ndiye kama jiini
20. ¹Liyongo Fumo hakufilika², hodari3 Liyongo kuuka4
¹ Missing in Kn; = Ha: 10, St (p. 448), HH: 9b-c,10a, Tay: 9b-c,10a
2 Ha: hukufilike; Tay: [hukufilika]
3 HH: [hadaani]
4 Ha: Liongo koka hudani; cf. Steere (1870a: 448):
Kukuingia hadaani Liongo fumo si mtu, ♦ yunga jini Liyongo okoka
Overview
New | Ha | HH | Kn | St | Tay |
1 | 1b | 1a,b | – | – | 1a |
2 | 1a | 1a | – | – | 1a,b |
3 | 2a | 1b,c,d,2a | – | – | 1b,c,d,2a |
4 | 2b | 2b,c,d | – | – | 2b,c,d |
5 | 3a | 2d,e,3a | – | – | 2d,e,3a |
6 | 3b | 3a,b | – | – | 3a,b |
7 | – | 3b,c | – | – | 3b,c |
8 | 4a | 4a,b | – | – | 4a,b |
9 | 4b | 4b,c | – | – | 4c |
10 | 5a | 4b,5a | 1 | – | 4c,5a |
11 | 5b | 5a,b | 2 | – | 5a,b |
12 | 6a | 5b,6a | – | – | 5b,6a |
13 | 6b | 6a,b | – | – | 6a,b |
14 | 7a | 6b,7a | – | – | 6b,7a |
15 | 7b | 7a,b | – | – | 7a,b |
16 | 8a | 7b,8a | – | – | 7b,8a |
17 | 8b | 8b,c,d | – | – | 8b,c,d |
18 | 9a | 8d,9a | – | p.448 | 8d,9a |
19 | 9b | 9a,b | – | p.448 | 9a,b |
20 | 10 | 9b,c,10a | – | p.448 | 9b,c,10a |
8b |
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